PENENTUAN PARAMETER TEKNIS UTAMA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN STANDAR NASIONAL MINYAK SAWIT BERKELANJUTAN

Febrian Isharyadi, Utari Ayuningtyas, Biatna Dulbert Tampubolon, Daryono Restu Wahono, Novin Aliyah

Abstract

Minyak sawit merupakan komoditi perdagangan yang sangat penting di dunia pada saat ini, dan Indonesia merupakan negara produsen minyak sawit terbesar di dunia. Namun beberapa masalah timbul khususnya terkait keberlanjutan dari produk sawit Indonesia, diantaranya mengenai deforestasi, emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK), dan sosial ekonomi. Negara Indonesia saat ini telah memiliki sistem sertifikasi Indonesia Sustainbility Palm Oil (ISPO) sebagai respon mengenai pembangunan berkelanjutan produk sawit Indonesia. Namun demikian, keberterimaan ISPO di perdagangan global saat ini masih relatif rendah. Pengembangan standar nasional minyak sawit berkelanjutan merupakan strategi yang dapat dilakukan dalam menjawab permasalahan hambatan perdagangan produk minyak sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan parameter teknis utama dalam pengembangan standar nasional minyak sawit berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode FACTS (Framework for Analysis, Comparison, and Testing of Standards) untuk memperoleh parameter utama dalam pengembangan standar nasional minyak sawit berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 13 (tiga belas) parameter utama berupa prinsip-prinsip dalam pengelolaan produk sawit berkelanjutan yang akan digunakan dalam pengembangan standar nasional minyak sawit berkelanjutan. Standar nasional minyak sawit berkelanjutan akan dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman, acuan, dan persyaratan teknis oleh industri dalam memproduksi minyak sawit yang memenuhi kriteria keberlajutan dan mampu diterima oleh pasar internasional. Dengan demikian akan meningkatkan daya saing produk minyak sawit Indonesia dan memberi peningkatan pula terhadap devisa negara.

Keywords

daya saing, keberlanjutan, minyak sawit, standar nasional

Full Text:

PDF

References

Arifin, B., & Putri, K. A. P. (2019). Indonesian Government Strategies On Obtaining Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Market Access To European Union Countries Over The EU Parliament Resolution On Palm Oil And Deforestation Of Rainforest. Andalas Journal of International Studies, VIII(2), 203–223. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25077/ajis.8.2.203-223.2019

Ayustaningwarno, F. (2012). Proses Pengolahan Dan Aplikasi Minyak Sawit Merah Pada Industri Pangan. VITASPHERE, II, 1–11.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia 2019 (Subdirektorat Statistik Tanaman Perkebunan (ed.)). Badan Pusat Statistik.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2014). Pengantar Standardisasi (II). Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Basiron, Y. (2007). Palm oil production through sustainable plantations. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 109(4), 289–295. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200600223

Basyuni, M., Amri, N., Putri, L. A. P., Syahputra, I., & Arifiyanto, D. (2017). Characteristics of Fresh Fruit Bunch Yield and the Physicochemical Qualities of Palm Oil during Storage in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 17(2), 182. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.24910

Brundtland, G. (1987). Our common future. In M. Tolba & A. Biswas (Eds.), Earth and Us : Population – Resources – Environment – Development. Butterworth Heinemann.

Dauvergne, P. (2018). The Global Politics of the Business of “Sustainable” Palm Oil. Global Environmental Politics, 18(2), 34–52. https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP

Edem, D. O. (2002). Palm oil: Biochemical, physiological, nutritional, hematological, and toxicological aspects: A review. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 57(3–4), 319–341. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021828132707

Emas, R. (2015). The concept of sustainable development: definition and defining principles.

European Union. (2018). Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. In Official Journal of the European Union: Vol. L 328.

Food and Agriculture Organization. (2020). Food and agriculture data. FAO Statistics (FAOSTAT). http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home

Harsono, D., Chozin, M. A., & Fauzi, A. M. (2012). Analysis on Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil ( ISPO ): A Qualitative Assessment on The Success Factors for ISPO. Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis, 9, 39–48.

International Organization for Standardization. (2010). ISO 26000 : 2010 - Guidance on social responsibility.

Kalustian, P. (1985). Pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of palm and lauric products. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 62(2), 431–433.

Kementerian Perdagangan. (2015). Kajian Peranan SNI Untuk Penguatan Pasar Dalam Negeri dan Daya Saing Produk Ekspor.

Kementerian Pertanian. (2015). Sistem Sertifikasi Kelapa Sawit Berkelanjutan Indonesia (Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil Certification System/ISPO). In Peraturan Menteri Pertanian nomor 11/Permentan/OT.140/3/2015.

Masruroh, S. (2013). Kepentingan Amerika Serikat Menolak Impor CPO (Crude Palm Oil) dari Indonesia Tahun 2012. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 4(2), 1–14.

Mba, O. I., Dumont, M. J., & Ngadi, M. (2015). Palm oil: Processing, characterization and utilization in the food industry - A review. Food Bioscience, 10, 26–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2015.01.003

McInnes, A. (2017). A Comparison of Leading Palm Oil Certification Standards. In Forest Peoples Programme.

Mohd Noor, F. M., Gassner, A., Terheggen, A., & Dobie, P. (2017). Beyond sustainability criteria and principles in palm oil production: Addressing consumer concerns through insetting. Ecology and Society, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09172-220205

Moreno-Peñaranda, R., Gasparatos, A., Stromberg, P., Suwa, A., Pandyaswargo, A. H., & Puppim de Oliveira, J. A. (2015). Sustainable production and consumption of palm oil in Indonesia: What can stakeholder perceptions offer to the debate? Sustainable Production and Consumption, 4, 16–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2015.10.002

Ndayishimi, P., & Tazerout, M. (2011). Use of palm oil-based biofuel in the internal combustion engines: performance and emissions characteristics. Energy, 36(3), 1790–1796.

Novelli, E. (2016). Sustainability as a Success Factor for Palm Oil Producers Supplying the European Vegetable Oil Markets. Oil Palm Industry Economic Journal, 16(1), 8–17.

Pambudi, D. T., & Hermawan, B. (2010). Hubungan antara Beberapa Karakteristik Fisik Lahan dan Produksi Kelapa Sawit Relations between Physical Characteristics of Land and Palm Oil Production. Akta Agrosia, 13(1), 35–39. http://repository.unib.ac.id/76/1/Akta 13(1)_35-39.pdf

Pande, G., Akoh, C., & Lai, O. (2012). Food Uses of Palm Oil and Its Components. In O. Lai, C. Tan, & C. Akoh (Eds.), Palm Oil: Production, Processing, Characterization, and Uses (pp. 561–586). AOCS PRESS, Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/b978-0-9818936-9-3.500

Pichler, M. (2013). “People, planet & profit”: consumer-oriented hegemony and power relations in palm oil and agrofuel certification. The Journal of Environment & Development, 22(4), 370–390.

Porter, M. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations. Harvard Business Review, 68(2), 73–93.

Robertua, V. (2019). Environmental Diplomacy: Case Study of the EU-Indonesia Palm Oil Dispute. Mandala Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 2(1), 1–21.

Schleifer, P., & Sun, Y. (2018). Emerging markets and private governance: the political economy of sustainable palm oil in China and India. Review of International Political Economy, 25(2), 190–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2017.1418759

Schouten, G., & Glasbergen, P. (2011). Creating legitimacy in global private governance: the case of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil. Ecological Economics, 70(11), 1891–1899.

Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia. (2014). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2014 tentang Standardisasi dan Peniaian Kesesuaian.

Sitanggang, A., Isharyadi, F., Faridah, D., & Andarwulan, N. (2020). Physicochemical Characterization of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) in Sumatra and Non Sumatra Region. Proceedings of The 2nd SEAFAST International Seminar (2nd SIS 2019) - Facing Future Challenges: Sustainable Food Safety, Quality and Nutrition, 43–48. https://doi.org/10.5220/0009978000430048

Sudesh, K., Kesaven, B., Chuah, J.-A., Kek, Y.-K., Kamilah, H., Sridewi, N., & Lee, Y.-F. (2011). Synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate from palm oil and some new applications. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 89(5), 1373–1386.

Suwarno, W. (2019). Kebijakan Sawit Uni Eropa dan Tantangan bagi Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.18196/hi.81150

United Nations. (1987). Report of the world commission on environment and development : Our common future.

United Nations. (2020). Take Action for the Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/news/communications-material/

Widyatmoko, B. (2017). Exploring the European Union Renewable Energy Directive and its Implications for Indonesias Palm Oil Industry. Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v5i1.24

Witherell, P., Rachuri, S., Narayanan, A., & Lee, J. (2013). FACTS: A Framework for Analysis, Comparison, and Test of Standards. U.S. Department of Commerce : National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.7935

Yaap, B., & Paoli, G. (2014). A Comparison of Leading Palm Oil Certification Standards Applied in Indonesia: Towards Defining Emerging Norms of Good Practices. In Towards Defining Emerging Norms of Good Practices (Vol. 6, Issue May).

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31153/js.v23i1.901