PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA ANTARA COCOA BUTTER ALTERNATIVE (CBA) DENGAN LEMAK KAKAO UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN STANDAR NASIONAL INDONESIA

Reno Fitri Hasrini, Ning Ima Arie Wardayanie

Abstract

Cocoa butter alternative (CBA) atau alternatif lemak kakao memegang peranan penting dalam industri pengolahan cokelat atau konfeksioneri. CBA terdiri dari Cocoa Butter Equivalents (CBE), Cocoa Butter Replacers (CBR), Cocoa Butter Substitutes (CBS) yang terbagi berdasarkan komposisi kimia dan kompatibilitas dengan lemak kakao. Belum ada standar nasional dan internasional yang mengatur dan membedakan karakteristik ketiga produk tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik CBE, CBR dan CBS dan dianalisis untuk pengembangan konsep Rancangan Standar Nasional Indonesia (RSNI) Alternatif Lemak Kakao. Metode penelitian adalah sampling dan membeli produk CBE, CBR dan CBS ke industri-industri. Analisis terhadap CBE, CBR dan CBS dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristiknya serta membandingkannya dengan SNI 3748:2009 Lemak Kakao. Parameter mutu yang dianalisis adalah titik leleh, kadar air, kadar asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida, bilangan iod, dan asam lemak trans. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa CBE, CBR, CBE mempunyai kisaran rerata titik leleh sebesar 18,5-34,11 °C, kadar air 0,12-0,17%, kadar asam lemak bebas 0,06-0,10%, bilangan peroksida 0,21-2,65 mek O₂/kg, bilangan iod 2,15-38,7 gram I₂/100 g, dan asam lemak trans 0,4-0,11%. Parameter titik leleh, kadar air, kadar asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida, dan bilangan iod CBE, CBR dan CBS memenuhi semua syarat mutu SNI 3748:2009 Lemak Kakao. Nilai asam lemak trans CBA memenuhi syarat WHO (2010). Konsep RSNI Alternatif Lemak Kakao (CBA) yang diusulkan berdasarkan analisis tersebut adalah titik leleh 32-45 °C untuk CBR dan CBS, untuk CBE tidak ditetapkan, kadar air maksimum 0,3%, kadar asam lemak bebas maksimum 0,3 %, bilangan peroksida maksimum 3,0 mek O₂/kg, bilangan iod untuk CBE, CBR dan CBS maksimum 40, 60 dan 20 gram I₂/100 g berturut-turut.

Keywords

Cocoa Butter Alternative (CBA), Cocoa Butter Equivalents (CBE), Cocoa Butter Replacers (CBR), Cocoa Butter Substitutes (CBS), syarat mutu

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31153/js.v22i3.838