KARAKTERISTIK PULP RAYON SULFIT ASAM DAN PREHIDROLISIS KRAFT KOMERSIAL BERDASARKAN SNI 938:2017

Chandra Apriana Purwita, Susi Sugesty, Hana Rachmanasari

Abstract

Pulp rayon atau pulp larut (dissolving pulp) merupakan pulp dengan kandungan selulosa alfa tinggi dan kandungan komponen lain seperti lignin, abu, abu tak larut asam, kelarutan dalam alkali, dan ekstraktif rendah. Pulp rayon merupakan bahan baku untuk proses pembuatan serat rayon yang digunakan pada industri tekstil dan pakaian jadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik pulp rayon sulfit asam dan prehidrolisis kraft komersial yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan persyaratan mutu SNI 938:2017 Pulp rayon. Pulp rayon komersial yang diperoleh dari industri pulp rayon dan industri rayon di dalam negeri maupun impor dianalisis sesuai dengan persyaratan mutu SNI 938:2017. Parameter analisisnya adalah kadar air (SNI 08-7070-2005); selulosa alfa (SNI 8400:2017 (T 203 cm-09, IDT)), kelarutan dalam alkali (SNI 692:2010), ekstraktif diklorometana (DCM) (SNI 8401:2017 (T 204 cm-07, IDT)), abu (SNI 0442:2009), abu tidak larut asam (SNI ISO 776:2010), Ca dan Fe (TAPPI T 266 om-18); viskositas (SNI 8402:2017 (T 230 om-13, IDT)); viskositas intrinsik (SNI 5351:2012); dan derajat cerah ISO (SNI 2470-1:2014). Analisis dilakukan dengan 3 ulangan dan hasil dinyatakan sebagai rata-rata. Berdasarkan percobaan, pulp rayon prehidrolisis kraft memiliki kandungan selulosa alfa yang lebih tinggi, S10 dan S18 yang lebih rendah, dan viskositas yang lebih rendah dibandingkan pulp rayon sulfit asam. Dari lima jenis pulp rayon komersial, hanya dua jenis pulp rayon komersial yang memenuhi persyaratan mutu SNI 938:2017. Kedua pulp rayon tersebut merupakan pulp rayon kayudaun proses prehidrolisis kraft.

Keywords

pulp rayon, dissolving pulp, SNI, sulfit asam, prehidrolisis kraft

Full Text:

PDF

References

Andrade, M. F., & Colodette, J. L. (2014). Dissolving pulp production from sugar cane bagasse. Industrial Crops and Products, 52, 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.09.041

Ariyanti, R. (2018). Kemenperin berharap pada industri pulp larut dan rayon untuk gantikan impor. Retrieved July 5, 2018, from http://industri.bisnis.com/read/20180228/257/743314/kemenperin-berharap-pada-industri-pulp-larut-dan-rayon-untuk-gantikan-impor

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2005). SNI 08-7070-2005 cara uji kadar air pulp dan kayu dengan metode pemanasan dalam oven. Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2009). SNI 0442:2009 kertas, karton dan pulp - cara uji kadar abu pada 525 oC. Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2010a). SNI ISO 692:1982 pulp - cara uji kelarutan dalam alkali. Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2010b). SNI ISO 776:1982 pulp - cara uji kadar abu tidak larut asam. Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2012). SNI 5351:2012 pulp - cara uji bilangan viskositas limit (viskositas intrinsik) dalam larutan kuprietilendiamina (ced). Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2014a). SNI 2470-1:2014 kertas, karton, dan pulp - cara uji faktor pantul biru cahaya baur - bagian 1: Kondisi siang hari di dalam ruangan (derajat cerah iso). Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2014b). SNI ISO 3688:2014 Pulp - Cara Pembuatan Lembaran Pulp Laboratorium untuk Pengukuran Faktor Pantul Baur Biru (Derajat Cerah ISO). Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2015). SNI ISO 7213:2015 Pulp – Pengambilan contoh untuk pengujian (ISO 7213:1981, IDT). Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2017a). SNI 8400:2017 Selulosa Alfa, Beta dan Gama dalam Pulp (T 203 cm-09, IDT). Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2017b). SNI 8401:2017 Ekstraktif Terlarut pada Kayu dan Pulp (T 204 cm-07, IDT). Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional. https://doi.org/10.5772/916

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2017c). SNI 8402:2017 Viskositas Pulp (Metode Viskometer Kapiler) (T 230 om-13, IDT). Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2017d). SNI 938:2017 Pulp Rayon. Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Batalha, L. A. R., Colodette, J. L., Gomide, J. L., Barbosa, L. C. A., Maltha, C. R. A., & Gomes, F. J. B. (2012). Dissolving pulp production from bamboo. BioResources, 7(1), 640–651.

Behin, J., Mikaniki, F., & Fadaei, Z. (2009). Dissolving pulp (alpha-cellulose) from corn stalk by kraft process. Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 5(3), 14–28.

Cao, S., Ma, X., Lin, L., Huang, F., Huang, L., & Chen, L. (2014). Morphological and chemical characterization of green bamboo (Dendrocalamopsis oldhami (Munro) Keng f.) for dissolving pulp production. BioResources, 9(3), 4528–4539. Retrieved from http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_09_3_4528_Cao_Green_Bamboo_Pulp_Production

Duan, C., Li, J., Ma, X., Chen, C., Liu, Y., … Ni, Y. (2015). Comparison of acid sulfite (AS)- and prehydrolysis kraft (PHK)-based dissolving pulps. Cellulose, 22(6), 4017–4026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-0781-1

Glatfelter. (2019). Paper moisture and relative humidity. Retrieved February 17, 2019, from http://www.glatfelter.com/files/products/carbonless/Moisture_Humidity.pdf

Herjanto, E. (2007). Analisis Perkembangan SNI Bidang Tekstil dan Produk Tekstil. Jurnal Standardisasi, 9(3), 116–122.

Hinck, J. F., Casebier, R. L., & Hamilton, J. K. (1985). Dissolving pulp manufacture. Pulp and Paper Manufacture, 4, 213–243.

Ibarra, D., Köpcke, V., Larsson, P. T., Jääskeläinen, A.-S., & Ek, M. (2010). Combination of alkaline and enzymatic treatments as a process for upgrading sisal paper-grade pulp to dissolving-grade pulp. Bioresource Technology, 101(19), 7416–7423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.050

Javed, M. U., Iqbal, S., Ahmad, Z., & Naeem, M. S. (2014). Viscose fiber strength and degree of polymerization. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268629417_Viscose_Fiber_Strength_and_Degree_of_Polymerization

Kementerian Perindustrian. (2018). Analisis perkembangan industri edisi iv - 2018.

Kumar, H., & Christopher, L. P. (2017). Recent trends and developments in dissolving pulp production and application. Cellulose, 24(6), 2347–2365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1285-y

Li, G., Fu, S., Zhou, A., & Zhan, H. (2015). Improved cellulose yield in the production of dissolving pulp from bamboo using acetic acid in prehydrolysis. BioResources, 10(1), 877–886. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.10.1.877-886

Liu, Y., Shi, L., Cheng, D., & He, Z. (2016). Dissolving pulp market and technologies: Chinese prospective - a mini-review. BioResources, 11(3), 7902–7916. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.3.Liu

Luo, X., Liu, J., Wang, H., Huang, L., & Chen, L. (2014). Comparison of hot-water extraction and steam treatment for production of high purity-grade dissolving pulp from green bamboo. Cellulose, 21(3), 1445–1457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0234-2

Matin, M., Rahaman, M. M., Nayeem, J., Sarkar, M., & Jahan, M. S. (2015). Dissolving pulp from jute stick. Carbohydrate Polymers, 115, 44–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.090

Miao, Q., Tian, C., Chen, L., Huang, L., Zheng, L., & Ni, Y. (2015). Combined mechanical and enzymatic treatments for improving the Fock reactivity of hardwood kraft-based dissolving pulp. Cellulose, 22(1), 803–809. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0495-9

Nayeem, J., Sarkar, M., Wuadery, A. H., & Jahan, M. S. (2017). High purity dissolving pulp from jute. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 32(4), 623–629. https://doi.org/10.3183/NPPRJ-2017-32-04-p623-629

Paulitz, J., Sigmund, I., Kosan, B., & Meister, F. (2017). Lyocell fibers for textile processing derived from organically grown hemp. Procedia Engineering, 200, 260–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.037

Purwita, C. A., & Sugesty, S. (2018). Pembuatan dan karakterisasi dissolving pulp serat panjang dari bambu duri (Bambusa blumeana). Jurnal Selulosa, 8(01), 21. https://doi.org/10.25269/jsel.v1i01.232

Roselli, A., Hummel, M., Monshizadeh, A., Maloney, T., & Sixta, H. (2014). Ionic liquid extraction method for upgrading eucalyptus kraft pulp to high purity dissolving pulp. Cellulose, 21(5), 3655–3666.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0344-x

Seta, F. T., Sugesty, S., & Kardiansyah, T. (2014). Pembuatan nitroselulosa dari berbagai pulp larut komersial sebagai bahan baku propelan. Jurnal Selulosa, 4(2), 97–106.

Sixta, H. (2000). Comparative evaluation of TCF bleached hardwood dissolving pulps. Lenzinger Berichte, 79(in), 119–128.

Sixta, H. (2008). Handbook of Pulp. Handbook of Pulp (Vol. 1–2). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527619887

Strunk. (2012a). Properties of cellulose pulps and their influence on the production of a cellulose ether. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 27(01), 024–034. https://doi.org/10.3183/NPPRJ-2012-27-01-p024-034

Strunk, P. (2012b). Characterization of Cellulose Pulps and The Influence of Their Properties on The Process and Production of Viscose and Cellulose Ethers. Umeå Universitet.

Strunk, P., Eliasson, B., Hagglund, C., & Agnemo, R. (2011). The influence of properties in cellulose pulps on the reactivity in viscose manufacturing. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 26(1), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.3183/NPPRJ-2011-26-01-p081-089

Sugesty, S., Kardiansyah, T., & Pratiwi, W. (2015). Penggunaan xilanase pada pemutihan dissolving pulp (Acacia crassicarpa). Jurnal Selulosa, 5(02), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.25269/jsel.v5i02.80

Sugesty, S., & Setiawan, Y. (2016). Dissolving pulp from kenaf by bio-bleaching process. Jurnal Selulosa, 3(02).

https://doi.org/10.25269/jsel.v3i02.47

TAPPI. (2018). TAPPI T 266 om-18 Determination of Sodium, Calcium, Copper, Iron, and Manganese in Pulp and Paper by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Peachtree Corners: TAPPI Press.

Tripathi, S., Mishra, O. P., Sharma, N., Chakrabarti, S. K., & Varadhan, R. (2011). Quality improvement of rayon grade bamboo pulp by modified bleaching. Jurnal of Korea TAPPI, 43(2), 1–8.

Wollboldt, R. P., Zuckerstätter, G., Weber, H. K., Larsson, P. T., & Sixta, H. (2010). Accessibility, reactivity and supramolecular structure of E. globulus pulps with reduced xylan content. Wood Science and Technology, 44(4), 533–546.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-010-0370-2

Wu, C., Zhou, S., Li, R., Wang, D., & Zhao, C. (2015). Reactivity improvement of bamboo dissolving pulp by xylanase modification. BioResources, 10(3), 4970–4977. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.10.3.4970-4977

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31153/js.v22i1.765